CONTEXTUAL STUDIES ASSIGNMENT 2: RESEARCH ROUND UP

Summary of research for assignment 2 Literature review and dissertation proposal

The breadth of my reading and some of the depth will be seen in my Literature review and dissertation proposal. I have made many notes whilst reading though I don’t intend to publish them here as I wrote them as working documents for myself with page and citation references.

I will give a brief overview of the items that I researched and made notes on for later use and to aid my general understanding.

On semiology

I began with Visual Methodologies (Rose, 2001), which was a revisit of chapter 2 “The Good Eye” (looking at pictures using compositional interpretation), and chapter 4 semiology: laying bare the prejudices beneath the smooth surface of the beautiful. I also read chapter 6 on discourse analysis i: text, intertextuality and context. I haven’t research Foucault which I know is a big area as I’m not convinced it is relevant to my area of enquiry. From here I read ‘Saussure versus Peirce: Models for a semiotics of Visual Art’ (Iverson, 1986) to begin my research on Peirce and them read more widely on Peirce and then continued on to expanding my previous reading of Barthes on semiotics.

Bate (2009) was useful for background and clarity on semiology and other areas of photographic theory and history on the language of photography. I used Chandler (2002) for some clarification on semiotics.

On documentary versus artistic expression in Landscape photography

I began with Benjamin (1931) and Clarkson (2019) recommended by my tutor which were useful on the tension between art and photography. Bull (2010) as well as giving me background on the meaning of photographs also gave good commentary on photography as art. I explored more on Szarkowski on expression on photography, beginning with Mirrors and Windows (1978) which led to more book purchases and have much more material to use.

The area that I read much on but haven’t included in my Literature review were photographers, Minor White and John Blakemore. Bunnell (Cronan, 2014) and Badger (1977) suggested by my tutor were good starting places, and led to more research and material for future use. This I will use in my dissertation to give context to emotional expression and plurality of meaning in photography, equivalence, and metaphor.

I revisited Berger’s texts for background on looking and seeing (Berger, 1980, 1972), personal interpretation and aesthetics for attention, but didn’t include in my work at this stage. Another area of research that I touched on but have left for now is the affect of audience on the meaning of photographs.

The full list of texts that I have read are listed in my literature review and my dissertation proposal.

References:

Badger, G. (1977) ‘Introduction’ In: British Image 3: John Blakemore: Exhibition. London: Arts Council. pp.7–10.

Bate, D. (2009) Photography: The Key Concepts. New York: Berg publishers.

Benjamin, W. (1931) in his Little History of Photography, Die literarische Welt, (Gesammelte Schriften, II), 368–385.

Berger, J. Blomberg, S, Fox, C, Dibb, M, Hollis, R (1972) Ways of Seeing. London: British Broadcasting Corporation.

Berger, J. (1980) USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY. [Email sent to Sontag, S. 1980]. At: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxqbHMxMDZpbnRyb3RvZG9jc3R1ZGllc3xneDo0ZjVlYmEyZjk1YWUyNjdl (Accessed 23/04/2022).

Chandler, D. and Dr, D. C. (2002) Semiotics: The Basics. (London): Routledge.

Clarkson, G. (2019) Documentary evidence and artistic expression. At: https://www.oca.ac.uk/weareoca/education/documentary-evidence-and-artistic-expression/?cn-reloaded=1 (Accessed 04/04/2022).

Cronan, T. (2014) ‘Aperture Magazine Anthology: The Minor White Years, 1952–1976, by Peter C. Bunnell’ In: History of Photography 38 (2) pp.204–206.

Iverson, M. (1986) ‘Saussure versus Peirce: Models for a semiotics of Visual Art’ In: Rees, A.L. and Borzello, F. (eds.) The New Art History. London: Camden Press. pp.82–94.

Rose, G. (2001) ‘Visual Methodologies. An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials’ In: PDF At: https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/IMG/pdf/2001_Rose_Visual_Methodologies_book.pdf (Accessed 17/08/2021).

Szarkowski, J. (1978) Mirrors and Windows: American Photography Since 1960. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.

Next post: https://nkssite6.photo.blog/2022/06/05/contextual-studies-assignment-2-draft-literature-proposal/

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES: RELEVANT NOTES FROM STUDY MEETINGS AND HANGOUTS

CS NOTES from hangouts and prep ass 23.3.22

WHERE I AM AT WITH MY BOW:

Intentions:

  • to share the effect of the landscape on me.
  • To communicate the harmony and mutual relationships in the ancient woodlands
  • To express my feeling about community through the landscape of the ancient woodlands
  • To represent something of myself in the landscape

CS ACTIONS:

  1. Understand what is required in the lit review
  2. Decide what the key points are that I want to review in the contextual literature (feedback notes) – a core premise or theme and a visual methodology to analyse.
  3. Send Garry a summary of the key points I want to review in the contextual literature

USEFUL POINTS FROM CS STUDY SESSIONS:

29.7.21 L2 to 3:

How to Write Better Essays by Bryan Greetham

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucreative-ebooks/detail.action?docID=296364

Critical Thinking Skills by Stella Cottrell

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucreative-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6234915

https://libguides.uta.edu/researchprocess/articles

Critical lens section 2: Skillset Resource https://learn.oca.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=257#section-2

Good Writing Practice  and Research Methods resource

29.11.21 L3

  • Research helps you to work out where your works fits into the photographic world
  • Talk about your ideas, challenges, methodology (approach) We articulate better visually when we articulate in writing and vice versa, the two aid each other. Articulation is needed to open the next door.
  • Consider-redefine-reconsider-redefine
  • Diary key words and how one leads to another
  • Document your journey done prep, do journey, then reflect
  • Pinpoint academic areas that I need help with and vocalise on forums

31.1.22 L3

In the Lit review and dissertation proposal, what is the normal number of photographers to use?

Ariadne: Less is more, with analysis, we are not here to provide lists but contextual analysis, ask how many do you need to contextualise your work? Think why are they there, and why have you chosen them, use 4-5 maximum. The Lit review should be a clear, in-depth review of my literature, to contextualise my thoughts; you will read more than you’ll summarise in your lit review. The lit review should be the backbone of my contextual framework, texts that my argument can’t do without, interrelationship, extrapolation – be brutal to get depth.

  • No problem with moving away from your Lit review with your works, it shows development, but explain why you moved away from it.
  • Don’t assume your narrative is evident in the evidence you share.

28.2.22 L3

Consider why what I’m working on/researching fascinates me

Follow tracks before they grow cold

28.3.22

Discussions on literature reviews

  • It’s an abstract concept which should not be rigid, it should allow you to change direction, it’s just a step in the research
  • Though it might not seem immediately relevant it is about the journey rather than the output
  • Treat it as a theoretical framework to return to
  • It is relevant to everything we do including BOW – could theoretically do one for BOW
  • Helps you to synthesis things that are relevant and not so relevant and to synthesis them
  • Helps you to find and make links in your own work

Q to those who’ve finished it: How has the lit review developed in your dissertation drafts?

  • It gives a structure
  • Keeps you on track

Q: How can you work out what is relevant in your research?

  • Tutor guidance – so I should seek this now
  • Look at potential sources
  • Abstracts, summaries, tables of contents, introductions

Best if the literature review has some uniformity:

  • Relate the sources to each other
  • Firstly, discuss them source by source but then connect them together to make a theoretical framework

25.4.22

Q: How to decide what to cut out from your work to meet a word count.

  • Be concise- eradicate the imprecise
  • Take out repetition
  • Move some info to footnotes
  • Be especially precise in introductions and conclusions, Only 5-6 sentences each. The first and the  last sentences are particularly important and should echo each other

Remember the literature review can morph, as long as you explain your reasoning. Later Q: so how would I rewrite? Completely? Or as a comment on?

My question: How do I stop researching and write my literature review?

A: The literature review is the framework to form my argument – to form the context. In order to avoid self plagurism need to reformulate later.

  • Ask what do I really need for this?
  • What would I need to include if explaining to someone else
  • Keep to the essentials – it is important to analysis to the full potential
  • Analyse the most important blocks I need – 4-5 sources only

My question: If the literature review is to form the theoretical framework for my argument do I only use theorists/philosophers?  Ie; not those who critique the work of my chosen photographers? A:

  • Ask how important is their work to the topic?
  • Do they argue about the photographers work or the central arguments?
  • If semiology is important it would be daft not to include Barthes

Next Post: https://nkssite6.photo.blog/2022/06/05/contextual-studies-assignment-2-research-round-up/

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES: UPDATE

31.3.22

So it been a while, I’ve been working on my BOW assignment 2 which is now submitted. I probably should have been working on my literature review at the same time, however I have needed to get a direction in my head for that before I could move on. Now I’ve got that direction, I’ve the confidence to start on my dissertation proposal and literature review.

Preparations

  • I have pulled together much of the advice and information that I have gathered on writing a literature review into one document. This has helped to focus my mind on what is required and how to be effective,
  • I have collated ideas, that I’ve gained from various peer groups that I engage with.
  • I have revisited the feedback given by my Tutor form CS assignment 2 and noted suggestions made for CS part 2. Stimulated by this I have begun research in some of those areas.
  • I have collected together research that I’ve not yet used, which will feed into my literature review and my dissertation proposal, some may also inform my BOW.

Reflection

I now feel in a good position to begin putting together my ideas so that I might in turn send as my tutor suggested key points that I want to review in my contextual literature and move myself towards ta core premise or theme and a visual methodology to analyse in my work.

21.4.22

Back again and ready to re-immerse. I have been reading and researching, both paths I have found and texts suggested by my CS Tutor, who I contacted a few weeks ago with a summary of key points that I want to review in my contextual literature.

I have expanded my reading and investigated my area of interest further, made notes as I have gone along. Whilst reading I reflected on:

•       Documentary and artistic expression in Landscape photography

•       Landscape genre as a genre

  • Tension between effect- express, and affect -emotional responses

•       Possible title: Mirrors & windows in the Landscape photography of Minor White and John Blakemore. However I think I need to reform this as a question.

My reading covered:

  • Practitioners who express or inspire emotional responses in their work:  John Blakemore and Minor White.
  • Methodology: Semiotics (Rose, Saussure, Pierce- most relevant to images)
  • Rose “The good eye”- how contemporary image makers work against that interpretation

Rose: Discourse analysis but I don’t see the relevance to my work at the moment

I have decided to exclude the more contemporary work of the Inside the Outside collective, to narrow down my focus, however this means that I can use these inspirations in my BOW work.

From this I have organised my research notes and made links. I now have enough research to begin writing my literature review and have narrowed down the focus of my proposed dissertation yet have still to completely define my question foor enquiry/title. This is where I am currently on key issues and debates:

  • The tension between effect (social/cultural) and affect (emotional/personal responses) in landscape photography
  • Mirrors (reflection of the artist/expression) and windows (knowing the world better/reality).

I recapped on my research on White and Blakemore to define my premise and form a title with a question and read dissertation advice especially on defining titles.

To form my tentative dissertation title, I then created a mind map to help brainstorm ideas and keywords and make related ideas, focus on the Key issues and debates and to find the main questions I intend to talk to.

Mind map:

The tentative title that I will work to at this stage is:

Does the camera have a good capacity to express an artist’s own thoughts, and emotional response to the landscape; Discuss with reference to the work of Minor White and John Blakemore.

My primary visual methodology is semiology, supplemented by compositional analylsis; I have yet to decide whether to also use Rose’s discourse analysis 1, more research is required.

25.4.22

Advice that I’ll use:

My Tutor:

  • Paragraph on each piece of major literature and how it links to my premise/title:
  • Relate the sources to each other and connect to make a theoretical framework

Ariadne at L3 study session:

I asked: How do I stop researching and write my literature review?

A: The literature review is the framework to form my argument – to form the context. In order to avoid self plagiarism need to reformulate later.

  • Ask what do I really need for this?
  • What would I need to include if explaining to someone else
  • Keep to the essentials – it is important to analysis to the full potential
  • Analyse the most important blocks I need – 4-5 sources only
  • That the writers should be significant theorists that argue about the photographers work I Other advice:
  • am using in CS, or my central arguments.

Other advice:

  • methodology: approach how I intend to go about my work
  • Objects of enquiry are elements I’ll examine to answer these question (texts, artists)
  • Content and conclusion of author
  • Relevance of text to my rationale
  • Critically compare approaches and conclusions of others, their consent and disagreement, how their work was received by critics
  • Indicate what I plan to explore further
  • How this relates to my BOW – reasons for choosing
  • Set my subject in the broad historical/social context with parameters

30.4.22

I need to stop researching now and write my literature review. I have determined my Core premise or theme and the main questions I want to address as well as the key points/theorists that I want to review in my contextual literature

One point I am unclear on is whether I include in the literature review commentary on the work of White and Blakemore whose landscape work I will use to contextualise the debate I the eventual dissertation.

22.5.22

The literature review and the dissertation proposal are now finished and just have to update my blog before posting to my tutor.

I only gave the briefest mention of Minor White and John Blakemore and commentators on their work in my Literature review, but have included them in my dissertation proposal. I hope that this was the right approach.

Next post: https://nkssite6.photo.blog/2022/06/05/contextual-studies-relevant-notes-from-study-meetings-and-hangouts/